About India
Fact Sheet
Official Name :
Republic of India
National Emblem :
A uni-dimensional adaptation of the Sarnath Lion Capital of Emperor Ashok, the emblem depicts three lions (from the four which stand back-to-back looking to north, south, east and west on the original capital), and part of the frieze on the abacus i.e. the Wheel of the Law (Dharma) in the centre flanked by a horse and a bull. The bell-shaped lotus which supports the original capital has been omitted and instead, inscribed below the abacus are the words "Satyameva Jayate" - "Truth Alone Triumphs" in the Devnagari script
National Flag :
India’s flag is a horizontal tricolour with deep saffron above, white in the middle and dark green below, in equal proportion. The saffron signifies the spirit of sacrifice, the white represents purity and the green fertility. In the centre of the white band is a navy blue wheel with 24 spokes, signifying progress. The width to length ratio of the flag is two to three.
National Calendar :
Based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as its first month, the national calendar has a permanent correspondence with the Gregorian calendar with 1st Chaitra falling on 22nd March (21st March in leap years).
Structure of the State :
Union of 28 states and 8 Union territories with the Central Government based in New Delhi.
Political System :
Multi-party parliamentary democracy, based on universal adult franchise
Parliament :
Bicameral legislature, with the Upper House known as the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lower House known as the Lok Sabha (Council of the People).
Last Elections :
April – May 2019
Current Government :
Formed by National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led coalition
Head of State :
President Hon'ble Smt. Droupadi Murmu (http://
Head of Government :
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi
Indian Standard Time :
UTC + 5:30 hours.
Area : 3.29 million square kilometers
Climate :
Varied continental climate. Spring from March-April, summer from May-October, winter from November-February. Tropical monsoon from June-August, and post-monsoon or north-east monsoon season (Oct-Dec). Most of the rainfall is brought by the south-west monsoon. Owing to the geographical diversity of India, regional climatic conditions in the extreme north, east and west can be different.
Neighbours :
India shares borders with Pakistan and Afghanistan to the north-west, China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north, Myanmar and Bangladesh to the east. Sri Lanka is separated from the southernmost tip of India by the narrow Palk Straits and the Gulf of Mannar.
Major cities/towns :
Almost forty percent of India’s 1.21 billion people live in urban centers, the four largest being Delhi (12 million), Mumbai (16 million), Kolkata (13.2 million), and Chennai (6.4 million). Other cities like Pune, Hyderabad, Bangalore, etc are rapidly developing into major centers of commerce and industry.
Population :
1.21 billion (2011 census)
Current growth rate 1.2% per nnum
Lifespan: Male 66.9 years, female 69.9 years
Death rate: 7.00 per 1000
Languages :
Hindi is the official language, but English is also widely used. In addition, 22 languages are recognized by the Constitution of India. There are about 1,500 dialects.
Literacy : 74.04%
Religions :
India is a secular country with no state religion. Major religions include Hinduism (79.80%), Islam (14.23%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.72%), Buddhism (0.7%) and Jainism (0.37%)
Currency :
Rupee (1 Rupee = 100 paise). For day-to-day current rate of exchange, visit Reserve Bank of India’s
website www.rbi.org.in
Fiscal Year : 1st April to 31st March
